the effects of soil compaction on morphology and biomass variables of chestnut-leaved oak (quercus castaneifolia c.a.m.) in greenhouse situations
Authors
abstract
the use of heavy machinery in forestry operations such as logging has increased worldwide during the last decades. however, these machines may seriously influence the soil ecosystem as they induce rutting, disturbing the upper soil layers, and soil compaction. severe compaction of soil adversely affects the growth of plants.this study was done by using a penetration resistance experiment in a greenhouse to test the hypotheses that increasing soil strength would affect adversely the seedling morphology (size) and growth (biomass) by changing the above- and below-ground patterns. we created four soil compaction intensity treatments. the lowest compaction intensity (no compaction, control), low, moderate, and high intensities of compaction were achieved by manually applying 3, 5 and 7 blows with a compaction hammer from a height of 20 cm above the soil surface, respectively. we studied the effects of soil compaction in a loam to clay-loam textured soil with optimal conditions of water on a continuous scale (0.1–1.0 mpa penetration resistance) on the growth responses of the deciduous quercus castaneifolia (c.a.m.). above- and below-ground metrics of seedling size (i.e., stem length and diameter, leaf length, main root length and diameter, and lateral root length) and biomass (i.e., total, shoot, and total root) were negatively affected by soil compaction. seedling sizes and growth parameters responded nonlinearly to increasing the soil strength. we conclude that growth of roots and height of oak seedlings are restricted with any increases in soil strength.
similar resources
A revision of chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.; Fagaceae) in Hyrcanian Forests of Iran
Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) is one of the most important native oaks of Iran distributed in the Hyrcanian Forests. The pure and mixed stands of it cover about 6.5% of these forests. The species represents morphological variations which have resulted in the description of several infraspecific taxa by different authors. Eight taxa were recognized as subspecies and varie...
full textisolation and identification of fungi associated with chestnut-leaved oak (quercus castaneifolia) seed in shast-kalate forest of gorgan
chestnut-leaved oak (quercus castaneifolia) is one of the most important industrial species of the northern forests of iran. regeneration of this valuable species is limited due to several problems such us pests and the fungal diseases. in order to isolate and identify the fungi associated with oak seed, sampling was carried out during 2007 in shast-kalate forest at gorgan. collected seeds were...
full textthe effects of planning on accuracy and complexity of iranian efl students’ written narrative task performance
this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...
15 صفحه اولon translation of politeness strategies in dialogues involving female characters in translations and retranslations of novels translated before and after the islamic revolution of iran and their effects on the image of women: a polysystem theory approach
abstract reception environment has considerable effects on accepting a translation. as the expectations of a target culture and its values and needs change throughout history, its criteria for accepting a translation or rejecting it will change accordingly (gentzler, 2001). the expectations of iran, as the reception environment in the present study, have changed after the islamic revolution. i...
the effects of time planning and task complexity on accuracy of narrative task performance
هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر برنامه ریزی زمانی، هم چنین افزایش میزان پیچیدگی تکالیف در نظر گرفته شده بصورت همزمان، بر دقت و صحت و پیچیدگی عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان می باشد. بدین منظور، 50 نفر از دانش آموزان دختر در رده ی سنی 16 الی 18 سال به عنوان شرکت کنندگان در این زمینه ی تحقیق در نظر گرفته شدند و به دو گروه آزمایشی و کنترل بصورت اتفاقی تقسیم شدند. اعضای گروه آزمایشی هر دو تکلیف ساده و پی...
the effects of changing roughness on the flow structure in the bends
flow in natural river bends is a complex and turbulent phenomenon which affects the scour and sedimentations and causes an irregular bed topography on the bed. for the reason, the flow hydralics and the parameters which affect the flow to be studied and understand. in this study the effect of bed and wall roughness using the software fluent discussed in a sharp 90-degree flume bend with 40.3cm ...
My Resources
Save resource for easier access later
Journal title:
جنگل و فرآورده های چوبجلد ۶۹، شماره ۲، صفحات ۳۱۳-۳۲۶
Keywords
Hosted on Doprax cloud platform doprax.com
copyright © 2015-2023